Searching for the Amazons Read online

  Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi kurgan 54–5 "

  Danube and Don kurgans 55

  human remains 52–7

  Issyk (Esik) kurgans 67–74

  Minusinsk Hollow kurgans 55–6

  Pokrovka Sarmatian kurgans 96–101

  Saka kurgans 67–74

  artefacts 69–73

  Tuva kurgans 56–74

  Tyasmin River kurgan 54

  women warriors 54–6

  Laemmle, Carl, and Marston 249

  Lafitau, Joseph-François

  Moeurs des sauvages amériquains 152–4

  Amazons 152–4, 171

  on Hurons’ Amazon descent 152–3, 214

  Lake Thun 187–8

  Lamprière, Classical Dictionary 204

  Laocoön statue 164

  Lepore, Jill, The Secret History of Wonder Woman 242–62

  Leus, Pavel 60

  lie detectors (Marston) 245, 250

  and Lasso of Truth 258

  Limanova, Galya 231

  Lisbon earthquake 170

  Little Turgen River, (BTG) burial area 88–91

  Litvyak, Lilya ‘The Girl Avenger’ 234–7

  Locke, John 169

  Louis XIV, King of France 170–1

  ‘love meter’ experiment 249

  Ludwig, Prince of Bavaria 20

  Luther, Martin, Reformation 160

  Luwians 3

  Lycurgus 188

  Lydia, and Cimmerians 37

  Lysimachus, and Onesicritus 41–2

  Machiparo people 137

  machismo, amazonomachy as prop 23–6

  Maeotis (Sea of Azov) 7–8

  Magdeburg 1631 massacre 161

  Mahi kingdom 193

  Maiden Goddess, Scythians 35

  Manchuria 32, 106

  Marcus Aurelius Sarmaticus, conquers Alans 102

  Marivaux, Pierre de 173

  marmalade 44

  Marston, William Moulton

  and bondage 246–8

  and Byrne 246–53, 258

  and comic books 252

  ‘Why 100, 000, 000 Americans Read Comics’ 253–4

  ‘Wonder Woman’ comic superhero xviii, 255–8

  and Gaines 253

  and Holloway 245–60

  and Huntley 246–8, 250, 256

  and Laemmle 249

  and lie detectors 245, 250, 258

  and Pitkin, The Art of the Sound Picture 249

  Emotions of Normal People 248

  experimental psychology 245–60

  on start of American Amazons matriarchy 251

  Try Living 251

  Martial, on Alans 101–2

  Masaryk, Jan 160

  Massagetae Scythians 36, 38–42, 53

  defeat Persians 38, 42

  gender equality 38

  matriarchies, none yet discovered 215

  Medea 25

  Medici, Marie de 166

  Mediterranean fabric dyes, Ukok clothing 86–7

  Meklin, Natasha 233–4

  Menalippe

  possibly in Bassae Frieze 22

  du Boccage on 175–7

  Menkov, Nikolai 236

  Mesopotamia 37

  metalwork, Uyuk Culture 57

  Meyerowitz, Eva, on last Dahomey Amazon 212

  Migunova, Ekaterina, on Raskova 222

  Milton, John, Paradise Lost 173

  mining, Uyuk Culture 57

  Minusinsk Hollow kurgans 55–6

  Mongolia 54

  and modern horseback archery 120

  Pazyryk people 88–91

  children, as jockeys 105

  milk products 34

  Montalvo, Garci de, Amadís de Gaula, Exploits of Esplandian 128–34

  Montesquieu, Baron de, De l’esprit des lois 175

  Moscow to Komsomolsk first flight attempt 217–19

  Mount Holyoke college 244

  mounted archery see horseback archery

  Mounted Archery Association of the Americas 120

  movies, experimental psychology and 249–50

  Ms magazine 261

  Murphy, Eileen, on Scythian palaeopathology 62–7

  Mycenae, walls 3

  Mycenaean Greeks 3–5

  Myres, Sir John, on Herodotus 52

  mythology, fashionable 23–5

  Nachthexen see Night Bombers

  Nagler, Anatoli 60

  Napoleon 19n3, 20, 168

  Nashville, Parthenon Athena replica 17

  National College Equal Suffrage League 244

  National Geographic, Polosmak on Ice Maiden 81, 82

  Nazarbayev, Nursultan, and Golden Man (woman) 73

  Nazca Desert 85

  New Women, United States 244–5, 257

  Newton, Isaac 169

  Night Bombers (USSR) anti-flak technique 229–30

  as 46th ‘Taman’ Guards 237, 239

  as 588th Regiment 221–40

  as Nachthexen/Nochnye Vedmi (night witches) 227

  at Southern Front 225–8, 229–33

  finally issued underwear 230–1

  first see German devastation 233–4

  morale/efficiency 226–7

  moved north-west 233–7

  statistics 239–40

  U2 biplanes 223–40

  Nile, Burton seeks source 195

  Nochnye Vedmi see Night Bombers

  Norris, Robert, on Dahomey women bodyguards 192–3

  North Ossetia-Alania 102

  Novosibirsk Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography 80, 83

  Nujin, woman fighter, on YPJ 270–1

  Nurapiesov, Beken, on Saka grave theft 69–70

  Öcalan, Abdullah

  and Kurdish women fighters 267–9, 271

  Liberating Life: Women’s Revolution 268

  Odysseus 11, 64

  Oeoropata (man-killers), Scythian on 93

  Olbia, Herodotus at 31–3

  Omagua people 137–8

  Onesicritus, on Alexander and Amazons 41–2

  Operation Barbarossa 219–33

  Orellana, Francisco de

  on ‘Amazon’ communities 138–49

  on Amazon river people 136–49, 152–3

  Orithia/Orithya

  possibly in Bassae Frieze 22

  du Boccage’s Amazon queen 174–7

  Ossetian language 54, 102

  Otrar 68

  Oviedo, Fernández de, on Carvajal 146

  Oyo empire, Nigeria 193, 197, 206

  palaeopathology 62–7

  Pankhurst, Emmeline 244

  Paradise Island (Wonder Woman) 256–7

  Paris (Greek) 3

  Paris (France) 166

  salons 171–3, 178, 180

  Parthian shots 110

  Parzinger, Hermann 60

  pastoral nomads 29–37

  Paulus, General Friedrich, surrenders 233

  Pausanias, on Peloponnese temples 17–18

  Payne, Neil, and horseback archery 118

  Pazyryk people, Ukok Plateau 79–88

  artefacts 77, 81–2

  Chinese bride carriage 77

  embalming 76–7, 87

  frozen graves 75–88

  headdresses 76, 87

  imported clothing 86–7

  Mongolia 88–91

  tattoos 77–8, 81, 85–6

  Pe-2 dive-bombers 222

  peccadillo 44

  Peloponnese temples 17–18

  Pennington, Reina, Wings, Women and War 224, 239

  Penthesilea (sister of Hippolyte) 12–16

  possibly in Bassae Frieze 21–2

  Kleist version 183–8

  Penthesilea, Kleist play 183–9

  Persians 25

  and Scythians 37–8

  beads, Pokrovka 98

  failed invasion of Scythian lands 94–6

  Greek depictions 24

  Greeks defeat 16

  Saka portrait 71

  Peruvian Virgins of the Sun 147

  Peter Pan xv-xvi

  Peter th
e Great 52, 62

  Petit, Pierre, De Amazonibus dissertatio 46–7

  Petlyakov, Vladimir, Pe-2 dive-bombers 222

  Pfuel, Ernst von, Kleist and 187–8

  Phaedra and Hippolytus 9

  Phasis River Amazons 39–42

  Phidias, Parthenon Athena 17

  Philippis 7

  philosophers, Enlightenment 169–80

  Phrygians 11

  Pinzón, Vicente Yáñez, finds Amazon River 132

  Piraha people 145–6

  Pitkin, Walter B. 249

  Pizan, Christine de, on Amazons 126–7

  Pizarro, Gonzalo, does not find El Dorado 134–8

  Plutarch

  on Alexander and Amazons 39, 40

  on Amazon invasion of Greece 8–10

  on Onesicritus 41–2

  Podarkes, and Penthesilea 13, 16

  Pokrovka, Sarmatian kurgans 96–101

  Polikarpov, Nikolai, U2 biplane 223–4

  polis concept xvii

  Polosmak, Natalia, and Ukok Devochka 79–83, 84–88

  Pontic Steppe 32

  Pope, Alexander, on Newton 169

  Popov, Dmitrii, and Night Bombers 225

  Porto-Novo, French at 209

  Portugal and Spain, and Americas 131–2

  Pouqueville, François, Travels in the Morea . . . 18–19n3

  Prague, defenestrations 160

  Prankish (Kassai’s horse) 109

  Pravda, on Raskova’s state funeral 232

  prehistoric societies, tracing cultural evolution 214

  Prescott, William 147

  Priam, King of Troy 3, 11–16

  Prothoe 7

  psychological analysis, Kleist’s Penthesilea 186–90

  psychologists, repeating breast myth 47–8

  Purchas, Samuel, on Amazons as fantasy 150

  Qasim, Leyla, Saddam Hussein assassination attempt 266

  Quintus, on Trojan War 11–16

  Racine, Jean, Phèdre 176

  Radloff, Wilhelm (Vasily) 74

  Rakobolskaya, Irina

  on group solidarity 227

  on why no parachutes 224

  Raleigh, Sir Walter, on ‘Amazons’ 149–50

  Rambouillet, Catherine de Vivonne Marquise de, salon 172

  Raphael Santi, The Battle of Constantine Against Maxentius 165

  Raskova, Marina, air navigator 217–25, 229–32

  forms women’s combat aviation unit 219–25, 229–32

  killed en route to Stalingrad 231–2

  Notes of a Navigator 218

  state funeral in Moscow 232

  reality and myth 23–4

  Reformation 160

  Renaissance, and Amazons 124

  Rio Negro 138

  Rodina (Motherland) long-range bomber 217–19

  Rojava (Kurdish Syria)

  Women’s Defence Units (YPJ) 269–72

  Kurds liberate cities 271

  women in academic/public life 272–3

  Romans, and Greek art 25–6

  Rostov, Night Bombers and 225–6

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 175

  royal tombs, Uyuk Culture 57–61

  Royal Geographical Society, and Burton 195

  Royal Scythians 32

  Rubens, Peter Paul

  and Alethea Howard 168

  and Brueghel, The Battle of the Amazons 163–5

  as diplomat 165–6

  realism in own Battle of the Amazons 166–8

  engraves/publishes picture 167–8

  Rudenko, Sergei, and Pazyryk valley frozen graves 75–7, 81

  Rudneva, Zhenya 227

  Russell, Lord John 197–8

  Russia

  Bolshevik Revolution 216

  Night Bombers see Night Bombers

  southern

  Alans, as Ossetians 102

  Sarmatians dominate 101

  steppe 26, 32–4, 37, 42, 45, 58, 62, 95, 106, 117

  Night Bombers and 221, 226, 234

  Russian Academy of Sciences 96

  Saddam Hussein 266, 270

  Saka (Sacae) Kazakhstan 53, 100

  kurgans 67–74

  artefacts 69–73

  Sakarya River 11

  Salomatin, Alexei 234, 235

  salons 171–3, 178, 180

  Salsk, Night Bombers at 228

  Sanger, Margaret

  and contraception 244–5, 251

  Woman and the New Race 245, 257

  Sappho of Normandy, Voltaire on du Boccage as 173, 180

  Sappho of Lesbos 180, 204, 246, 257, 259

  Sarmatian people

  and Scythians 93–6

  and Persian invasion 94–6

  artefacts, Pokrovka 97–101

  imported 98–9

  history 93–103

  in Britain as Roman troops 102

  migrations 101–3

  become Alans (Aryans) 101

  push Scythians west 88

  Pokrovka kurgans evidence 96- 101

  religion, Pokrovka evidence 100–1

  women, Pokrovka evidence 97–101

  girl with sword 99–100

  mounted archery 100

  religious roles 100–1

  see also Sauromatians

  Sauromatians 25

  early Sarmatians 93–4

  Herodotus on 51

  Hippocrates on 45–6

  see also Sarmatians

  Schiller, Friedrich von, ‘Das Lied von der Glocke’ 184

  Schlegel brothers, Shakespeare translation 182

  Scopasis, Scythian commander, and Persian invasion 94–6

  Scythian world 51–101

  descriptions

  Akkadian records 37

  Altai Mountains, frozen graves 74–7

  Herodotus on 31–7, 46, 51–2

  kurgans see kurgans palaeopathology 62–7

  cultures, extent 53–4

  become Hunno-Sarmatians 61

  displace Cimmerians 31, 37

  dynasties 37

  Indo-European languages 54

  merge with Turco-Mongolians 89

  trade routes 54

  Uyuk Culture 57–67

  homeland, extent 31, 32–4

  inner Asia 30–7

  Tuva heartland 56–74

  and Sarmatians 93–6

  Persian invasion 94–6

  attack Persia & Assyrian empire 87–8

  customs/religion

  artefacts 52–3

  bald/shaved/scalped 35, 54n10, 63, 76, 87

  cannibalism, Herodotus on 35

  congenital defects, tolerance 62, 63–7

  embalming, Herodotus on 35–6, 76–7

  gods, Herodotus on 35

  human sacrifice, Herodotus on 35–6

  milk products 34

  saunas 36–7

  wagon homes 34

  women fighters ‘Amazons’, 7–8, 25

  as children, learn to ride and shoot 105

  evidence for 65–7

  not distinct from society 213–14

  see also specific cultures

  Sebrova, Irina 233

  Shakespeare, in German 182

  Shakespeare, William, A Midsummer Night’s Dream 150

  shamans, Altai Republic 83

  Siberia 54

  Minusinsk Hollow kurgans 55–6

  Sinjar, Yazidi (Ezidi) people, IS and 269

  Skliros 17–20

  slave trade, Benin 193, 196, 197, 198, 206

  Slee, J. Noah 245, 246

  Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations 169

  Solois and Antiope 9

  Southern Front, Night Bombers at 225–8, 229–33

  Soviet women air fighters WWII 216–40

  Spain and Portugal, and Americas 131–2

  Sparta, black (Dahomey) 191–212

  Speke, John Hanning 195

  Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Queene 150

  spindle whorls, Pokrovka 98–9

  spondylolysis, in women 65

  Squire, Jane, on
longitude 179

  St Petersburg, Hermitage Museum 60, 61

  Scythian gold 52

  Stalingrad

  Night Bombers defend 225–8, 229–33

  Germans surrender 233

  Star Trek 156

  Stearns, Katie, and horseback archery 120–1

  Steinem, Gloria 260–1

  stonework, Uyuk Culture 57

  Sturm und Drang movement 181, 183

  submission & dominance/compliance & inducement 246–7

  suffrage movement

  US 244–5

  UK 216

  Superman (Action Comics) xvi, 252

  Syria, Kurds

  Kurdish, Women’s Defence Units (YPJ) 269–73

  Qamishli uprising 270–1

  women, fighting Daesh/IS 263–4, 268–73

  Szegedi, Andrea 107

  Tabiti, Sarmatian/Scythian goddess 101

  Taman Peninsula campaign, Night Bombers shot down at 237–9

  Tanais, Kleist’s version 186

  Tauri Scythians 35

  Tegea, temple 18

  Teixeira, Pedro de 151

  Teletskoye Lake 75

  Termes, modern, Amazon festival 6

  Terracotta Army 99

  Thalestris, Amazon queen and Alexander, Curtius on 39–41

  Thatcher, Margaret, as Amazon 264

  Themiscyra (Termes), Amazon capital 5

  and Alexander the Great 38–42

  Wonder Woman version 256

  Thermodon (Terme) River 5–6

  Amazons 39–42

  Thersites, on Achilles 15

  Theseus, and Amazons 8–10, 42

  and Antiope (Amazon) 9

  du Boccage version 174–7

  possibly in Bassae Frieze 22

  Rubens/Brueghel version 164–5

  Thevet, André, Singularities of the French Antarctic 148–9

  Thirty Years’ War 160–3, 165–6, 168

  Thymnes, Scythian agent 32

  Tibetan plateau 32

  Tien Shan 32, 67

  Times, on Kleist/Vogel suicide 189–90

  Timofeyeva, Zhenya, leads Women’s Heavy Bombers 232–3

  Tiryns, walls 3

  titanomachies art theme 16

  Tomyris (Massagetae queen), defeats Persians 38, 42

  Trajan, conquers Alans 102

  Trojan Horse 11

  Troy (Hisarlik), Siege of 3, 10–16

  amazonomachies (‘Amazon battles’) art theme 16–17, 21

  as machismo prop 23–6

  du Boccage, Les Amazones 173–8

  Rubens/Brueghel version 164–5

  Rubens’ own Battle of the Amazons 166–8

  Turco-Mongolians, merge with Scythians 89

  Turkey

  Hittites 3, 5

  horseback archery 121

  Luwians 3

  Turkish government, and Bassae 19–20

  Tuva, Scythian heartland

  kurgans 56–74

  Xiongnu (Hunnu) replace Sarmatians 101

  Tyasmin River kurgan 54

  Tyras Greek colony 55

  Uffington White Horse 85

  Ukok people

  nationalism 82–3

  Plateau 79–88

  archaeologists banned 84

  Princess 72

  grave 79–88

  UNESCO World Heritage List, Ukok 82